Heat Pump Performance in Extreme Cold: Managing Your System for Fort Collins’ Deep Winter
On a typical February night in Fort Collins, it’s normal to have the temperature drop to -5°F. For homeowners who have just transitioned away from traditional gas furnaces, sub-zero cold snaps are often a cause for concern. Thankfully, the old reputation that heat pumps used to have for poor performance in freezing temperatures is no longer true. Over the years, heat pump technology has evolved significantly. Today, they are known for being an efficient primary heat source for Northern Colorado homeowners. By maximizing your heat pump efficiency in cold weather in Fort Collins, you can ensure a warm, comfortable winter for your family.
Reaching “the Balance Point”: A Perfect Definition
When talking about heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) topics, the “thermal balance point” is the outdoor temperature where a heat pump is no longer capable of maintaining the indoor temperature on its own. For a standard heat pump, this is often around 25°F to 35°F. However, cold-climate heat pumps (CCHP) have thermal balance points that are as low as 0°F or even -10°F. If your existing heat pump doesn’t provide warmth during Front Range winters, the best solution is to get a gas furnace or electric heat strips to bridge the gap. With a gas furnace, you can set up a hybrid system that provides you with the efficiency of a heat pump for most of the time and the high-performance capacity of a furnace on the coldest days of the year. Struggling to find the balance point during Northern Colorado’s drastic temperature swings? Balance Point Heating, Cooling & Plumbing’s experienced technicians are here to help with our local expertise and no-pressure consultations.
Managing Expectations: It Feels Different
When you switch to a heat pump, it can feel like the heat pump is blowing cold air. This is due to a key difference between how heat pumps and furnaces operate. With a gas furnace, the air coming out of your vents is 130°F or higher. In comparison, heat pumps produce air that is around 90°F to 105°F. Your skin is around 98°F, so the air may feel cooler to the touch. However, it is still capable of warming up your home. In practice, this means that gas furnaces will cycle on and off abruptly because they’re able to reach the appropriate temperature quickly. Heat pumps run longer and slower to achieve the same effect. When it comes to heat pump efficiency in cold weather in Fort Collins, “low and slow” is our motto. If it’s running for extended periods of time in the winter, that simply means it is doing its job properly.
The Defrost Cycle: Don’t Panic
If you’re just getting used to dual-fuel heating systems or cold-climate heat pumps, don’t be alarmed by the heat pump’s defrost cycle. When the defrost cycle is active, you may notice that the outdoor unit stops spinning. Then, it will make a whooshing noise, and steam will rise out of it. This might look scary, but it is actually a part of the unit’s design. Even when we’re experiencing Fort Collins’ dry cold, frost can still build up on the heat pump’s outdoor coils. This can impact the unit’s performance, so a defrost cycle is automatically built into its design. For a brief period of time, the heat pump will reverse itself to melt the ice. Sudden steam during the defrost cycle is perfectly normal. You don’t have to turn the unit off or make any changes because the heat pump knows what it is doing.
The DOs: Wintertime Best Practices
Whether you’re struggling with the area’s heavy, wet snow or simply want to maximize your Larimer County energy efficiency, there are a few important steps you can take to protect your heat pump and support its performance.
DO: “Set It and Forget It”
With a gas furnace, the high performance capacity means you can quickly make up lost time if your temperature setting is too low. This is not true with heat pumps. If you drop the temperature to 62°F while you’re at work, you will struggle to make up the difference in extreme cold. The best option with heat pumps is to set it and forget it. Pick a comfortable temperature, such as 68°F to 70°F, and let it go.
DO: Keep the Outdoor Unit Clear
After a heavy Front Range snowstorm rolls through the area, you need to check on your heat pump to make sure it’s functioning at its best. If there is too much snow, leaves, or debris, it can restrict the airflow around the outdoor unit. By performing quick snow removal around your heat pump unit, you can ensure it’s fully functional during frigid temperatures.
DO: Change Filters Frequently
Even in the mild weather, a dirty air filter can restrict airflow and lead to unnecessary wear. When heat pumps are working twice as hard in the snow, you can’t afford to have a clogged filter. Depending on the unit, you should generally change the air filter every 30 to 90 days. During periods of peak usage, it needs to be replaced more frequently.
The DON’Ts: Costly Mistakes
When it comes to winter HVAC maintenance in Northern Colorado, there are a few serious mistakes you should avoid.
DON’T Switch to “Emergency Heat” Manually
As a homeowner, it’s important to understand when to use auxiliary heat vs. emergency heat. When setting a thermostat for heat pumps, you don’t have to worry about “Aux Heat” because it will switch on automatically when it is needed. Meanwhile, opting for “Em Heat” will make your system use your expensive backup heating source, like electric strips. Once the setting is in emergency mode, it will lock out your energy-efficient heat pump. Because of this, you should only switch to the emergency option if your heat pump is physically broken.
DON’T Cover the Unit
Homeowners often cover AC units during the wintertime to keep out snow and debris. This is not the case for heat pumps. Your outdoor unit needs to be uncovered and able to breathe 365 days a year.
DON’T Ignore Ice Encasement
Thanks to the defrost mode, you don’t have to worry if there is a little frost on your heat pump. However, if your unit is fully encased in a block of ice, you need to reach out to Balance Point Heating, Cooling & Plumbing for professional heat pump maintenance right away.
Troubleshooting: When the Cold Wins
While routine maintenance and properly setting the thermostat for a heat pump can optimize your unit’s performance, even the best heat pumps might not be able to keep up during severe cold snaps. If you experience the following red flags, you need to schedule heat pump services right away.
- Your home’s temperature continues to drop, but your system is still running.
- Your heat pump’s outdoor unit has been operating in the “defrost” mode and steaming for 15 minutes or more.
- Grinding noises or loud screeching sounds are coming from the unit.
- There is ice buildup on the inside of your outdoor coil that refuses to melt.
Why Professional Maintenance Matters in Fort Collins
In Fort Collins, professional HVAC maintenance is especially important. We experience hot summers and cold winters, so your heat pump will need to operate throughout the year. Because of the double wear involved in being a heating and cooling combo, your heat pump needs to be carefully maintained. One of the most important things you can do to keep your heat pump running at its best is to get your refrigerant levels recharged. When refrigerant levels drop, the heat pump’s capacity to absorb and transfer heat from the cold air drops significantly. To make routine maintenance a little easier, Balance Point Heating, Cooling & Plumbing offers a convenient membership plan. It includes special discounts and two complimentary tune-ups per year, so you can easily optimize your heat pump’s performance.
Managing Your Heat Pump’s Performance in Frigid Temperatures
Do heat pumps work in freezing weather? If they’re properly maintained, heat pumps can function in incredibly cold temperatures. Cold-climate heat pumps are especially popular for their ability to function in sub-zero temperatures. However, as the temperature level drops, heat pumps can become less effective. This can raise your electric heating costs in Fort Collins and impact your family’s comfort. Depending on your unit’s performance capacity, it may make sense to invest in a hybrid heat pump and furnace combo. Whether you’re unsure about the HVAC system you need or you want to find out about Poudre Valley REA rebates, we can help. At Balance Point Heating, Cooling & Plumbing, we can help with common HVAC problems and improve your heat pump efficiency in cold weather in Fort Collins. Call Balance Point Heating, Cooling & Plumbing today to schedule your next consultation, tune-up, or emergency repair.








